Sunday, January 30, 2011

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Synapses

As we have said tramissione the nerve impulse is an electro-chemical phenomenon that occurs without that there is a physical connection between neurons. Watch the movie
that explains how the synapse.


1 - An electrical impulse travels along the 'axon .

2 - This triggers the nerve endings of the neuron in the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters .

3 - The neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap between two neurons (the synapse ) and bind with receptors on the membrane of the second neuron.

4 - of the second neuron receptors bind only to specific neurotransmitters and the consequent stimulus to release an electrical impulse .

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Chromosomes X and Y

Watch on BBC sex determination by chromosomes X and Y.

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A video about the structure of DNA.

The video is in English. The animated parts are obviously easier to understand and give some elements for the translation of the spoken parts.
In the introduction it is said that once the code of the information contained in DNA was considered to be indecipherable, but today we can say that has been read, page after page (see in a video frame with the sequence of bases AATCCGTCGAAA ... ) (T = 0.58 approx).
become familiar with the structure: two long strands (two long strands) consisting of units (units) formed by the deoxyribose, phosphate group and a base station. The units are nucleotides. The pairing (pairing) bases AT and CG follows the rule, and the sequence on one strand is complementary to the other. (T = 0.60)
The DNA molecule is a polymer, such as RNA.
Paul Nurse then explains how to form the basis of sentences (sentences), for example I sat on the mat (I sat on the mat) is a written message with the usual letters. The bases in the DNA encoding Similarly messages. If I change a letter I get an entirely different I sat on the c at ( I sat on the cat). (T = 3:37 )
What is a gene? Here's Richard Dawkins
say that a gene can be defined in many different ways: it is the unit of heredity, is - chemically - a piece of DNA. Until 1953 we did not know how it worked. We knew the work of Mendel, who showed how inheritance not functioned as a mixture of information (so the example of red and blue that blend to make purple), but with a package information (such as "drops", indivisible units) provides that each parent to offspring. These droplets (beads) are moving from parent to child without blending (mixing) or mixed (bending) (t = 6.36)

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Exercises on the Laws of Mendel

Read, solve and post your solutions as comments (exercises taken from our textbook LS). Next week the solutions.

EXERCISE 1

It happened to a British couple in Nottingham (England) in 2006. For two parents, both in color, were born of twins different color, one white and one black girl. But how is this possible? Considering that skin color is determined by a pair of genes (alleles), a dominant, N, one dark and one recessive B, the light, determines the genotype of each parent and that of twins. It also explains how it was possible that a pair of parents of color may be born twins of different colors, one white and one black. In particular, answer the following questions giving reasons for your answers.

a. is possible that both parents were homozygous NN?

b. You BB was one of the two homozygous and one heterozygous NB?

c. is possible that both were heterozygous NB?

d. The black girl is homozygous or heterozygous?

e. The white child is homozygous or heterozygous?

EXERCISE 2

The sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a recessive gene. A indicates the healthy gene to the dominant and recessive gene responsible for the disease. Write the genotype of an individual suffering from this disease, a healthy individual and a carrier.

Calculate the percentage probability that a sick person born in the following cases:

a. both parents are both carriers;

b. one parent carries the other is healthy.

Friday, January 21, 2011

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PYRAMIDS

A review of the models prepared for today:


and then a bit 'of pyramids in 3D

Sunday, January 16, 2011

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study materials

Simona left a file with some insights into the genetics. Anyone wishing to view them or receive them, let us know or contact via e-mail!

Saturday, January 15, 2011

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finalists Plasticsareforever Youth Summit on "The Day"

The selection of students who have earned at Breda Summit Plasticsareforever the newspaper! The sixth edition of the newspaper "The Day" gives the interview Zorloni Luke has made at school last Thursday (click on photo to enlarge):


a great satisfaction for group and school, which, as noted in the article, look sponsors to finance the participation in the Summit of the six California students the scientific laboratory.

Sunday, January 9, 2011

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Analemma

from the website of National Geographic , beautiful photos showing the path of the sun in the sky:




summer the Sun is higher than the winter horizon and the phenomenon is due to the inclination of the Earth to the plane of its orbit around the Sun But there is another variation.
With a sundial is possible to determine the transit time of the Sun at the meridian of the place where we are, while the corresponding true local solar noon. Each interval of one hour solar marked on its face represents an increase of the Sun's hour angle of 15 ° (360 ° / 24 = 15 °).

If we measure time intervals between two successive transits of the Sun at the same meridian, however, that we would see not have equal intervals, but vary gradually during the year. This is because the motion (apparent) day of the Sun is not uniform but varies between a maximum and minimum speed. The orbit, tilted about 23 ° .5 respect to the equatorial plane is covered by our planet with a speed that is maximum at perihelion and least at aphelion. The consequence is the change in the duration of true solar days.

The perception of the difference between solar time and mean you watching the Sun every day at the same time . You will see that the Sun's position varies from day to day in both height and "sideways" to form a figure that Analemma or lemniscate, which is what you see in the photos.
The photographer has made by placing the camera at different times of the year at the same time. By overlaying the images obtained reproduced those obtained here. The word comes from greek analemma and means the pedestal base of a sundial.